石

(ライターの)

flint

^{(見出しへ戻る headword ⇒ 石)}

いし
stone
こく
volume measure (approx. 180l, 5 bushels, 10 cub.ft)

* * *

いし【石】

〔石ころ， つぶて， 小石， 岩石， 石材， 宝石〕

**stone

〖U〗［しばしば複合語で］(岩石を構成する)石， 石材；［形容詞的に］ 石の， 石造りの；〖C〗小石， 石ころ《◆ boulder， cobble stone， pebble， shingle， gravel の順に小さくなる》

(as) hard as (a) stone 石のように堅い， 非情な

He threw a stone into the pond. 彼は池に石を投げた

within a stone's cast 石を投げれば届くほどの所に

fall over a stone 石につまずいて転ぶ

In the past， houses were built of stone. 昔は家は石造りであった.

**rock

〖C〗《米》(種々の大きさの)石， 小石

This rock will do for a hammer. この石は金づちの代りになる

shatter the mirror with a rock 石で鏡を粉々に割る.

*jewel

〖C〗(時計・機械の軸受けに使う)石

a watch of 25 jewels ＝a 25 jewel watch 25石の時計.

〖関連〗

◇ → 子持ち石

◇ → 礎石

◇ → 白雲石

◇ → 捨て子石

◇ → (ライターの)石

◇ → ホタル石

◇ → 軟石

◇ → ざくろ石

◇ → 石灰石

◇ → クジャク石

◇ → 黒曜石

◇ → ライン石

◇ → 蛇文石

◇ → 石けん石

¶ → 石の(多い)

¶ → 他山の石

* * *

I

いし【石】

1 〔石塊〕 a stone; (小石) a pebble; 《米》 a (small) rock; 〔石材〕 (大きさの順に) rock; stone; pebble; gravel.

●他山の石 ⇒たざんのいし.

●この町では道に石が敷いてある. The roads in this town are paved with stone [covered with gravel].

・〔歩きながら〕 靴に石が入って痛い. I got a stone [pebble] in my shoe and it hurts.

・線路に石が置いてあって電車が急停車した. A stone [rock] placed on the rail track forced the train to stop.

・この川上から硯(_すずり)になる石が採れる. Up this river we get stones that are used for inkstones.

●原始人は石でかまどを作った. Primitive people built an oven with stones.

・遺跡から石で作った鏃(_やじり)や斧が見つかった. Stone arrowheads and axes [Arrowheads and axes made of stone] were found at the (historic) site.

●石になる 〔石化する〕 turn to stone; petrify; become petrified; 〔化石になる〕 fossilize; become fossilized

・何万年も前の立ち木が, 倒れた形で石になって残っている. A tree tens of thousands of years old remains fossilized just as it fell.

・僕は石につまずいて転んだ. I tripped (up) on a stone and fell over.

・その石にはマンモスの絵が彫ってあった. A picture of a mammoth was cut [carved, engraved] in the stone.

・石に刻まれた古代の文字 ancient writing carved in stone.

●石のお地蔵さん a stone (statue of) Jizō

・石の階段 a stone staircase; stone steps [stairs]

・石の門 a stone gate

・石の堤 a (river) bank of stone

・石の標本 a rock sample [specimen]; a sample [specimen] of some rock

・ここは石の多い痩(_や)せた土地です. This is poor soil, full of [with a lot of] stones. | This is poor, stony soil.

・原種の梨の実は小さくて, 石のように固かった. The forerunner of the pear was small and hard as (a) stone.

・彼女は石のように押し黙ってしまった. She fell [lapsed] into a stony silence.

・写真展に訪れた男は, 一枚の写真の前で立ち止まり, そのまま石のように動かなかった. A man visiting the photographic exhibition stopped in front of one picture and stood there stock still, without moving [as still as a rock].

●今遊歩道に石を敷く工事中です. 〔敷石を〕 The promenade is now being paved with stone. | 〔砂利を〕 Work is now in progress to cover the footpath with stones [gravel].

・デモ隊は機動隊に石を投げつけるなどして 10 人が逮捕された. Ten of the demonstrators were arrested for throwing stones [rocks] at the riot police. | Ten were arrested when demonstrators pelted the riot police with stones [rocks].

・ここは学生の街で, 石を投げれば学生に当たると言われるほどたくさんの学生が住んでいる. There are students living here everywhere you turn. | So many students live around here that if you threw a stone you'd be sure to hit one.

・石を水面に飛ばせて遊ぶ skip [play (at) skipping] stones on the surface of the water; play ducks and drakes

・その旅館の中庭は, ほどよく石を配置した日本庭園になっていた. The inn had a Japanese-style garden with a fine arrangement of stones [rocks].

・石を拾い集めてケルンを作る collect stones to make a cairn [landmark]

・シートが風で飛ばないように, 石を重しにしなさい. Use stones as weights so that the tarpaulin won't be blown away (by the wind).

・私は山から石を切り出す仕事をしている. My job is quarrying stone [rock] from the mountains.

●ここで採れる石は石塀に使われる. The stone [rock] mined here is used for building walls.

・川を流れて行くうち, 石は丸くなる. The stones are rounded as they flow downriver.

・石はここで磨かれて墓石になります. This is where the stone is dressed before it is made into a tombstone.

・僕は石だらけの道を裸足で歩いた. I walked barefoot along a stony road [a road covered with stones].

2 〔結石〕 a (kidney, etc.) stone; a calculus [concretion].

●腎臓や胆嚢(_たんのう)に石ができることがある. Stones can occur in the kidneys and the gallbladder.

・胆管に石が詰まるとものすごく痛い. When a stone lodges [gets stuck] in the bile duct it is terribly painful.

●あの病院では超音波で石を砕くそうだ. I hear that they break down kidney [gallbladder] calculuses in that hospital using ultrasonic waves.

●小さい石は薬で溶かすことができる. Small stones can be dissolved [broken down] with drugs.

3 〔宝石〕 a precious stone; a jewel; 〔時計の〕 a jewel; 〔ライターの〕 a flint.

●父の時計は石が入っている高級品だ. My father's watch is a high-quality one with jewels in it.

・ライターの石が擦り減ってしまった. The flint in my lighter has worn out [down].

●彼女は赤い石の指輪をしていた. She was wearing a ring with a red stone (in it).

4 〔碁石〕 a (go) stone [piece].

●この石で僕の勝ちだ. I'm going to win with this stone.

●始めに僕は盤の真ん中に石を置いた. I put [placed] my first stone in the center of the board. | To start off, I put a stone in the middle of the board.

・僕が黒で父が白の石を持つことにした. We decided that I would have (the) black, and my father would have (the) white stones. | It was decided that I would play [use] black, and my father, white.

5 〔じゃんけんの時のにぎりこぶし〕 “stone”; “rock”; a (clenched) fist (in the game called janken [“scissors-paper-stone”]).

●石を出したら負けた. I did “stone” and lost. | I lost with “rock.”

石の上にも三年 Perseverance will win in the end. | Perseverance brings success. | Everything comes to him who waits. 【諺】

石が流れて木の葉が沈む Stones float, and leaves sink. | Everything is upside down [topsy-turvy]. | The world is on its head.

●石が流れて木の葉が沈む嘆かわしい世相だ. These are deplorable times when nothing is as it should be.

石にかじりついても at any cost; by any means; no matter what; by sheer perseverance.

●これだけは石にかじりついてもやり遂げるんだ. We must do all we can to achieve this. | This must be done no matter what the cost.

・僕は石にかじりついてもこの大学に合格したい. I am determined to get into this university if it's the last thing I do.

石に立つ矢のためしあり It has happened in the past that an arrow has penetrated into a rock. | Nothing is impossible to a determined mind. | Where there's a will, there's a way. 【諺】

石に灸[針] moxibustion [acupuncture] to a stone; an ineffectual effort.

石に枕し流れに漱(_くちすす)ぐ use a stone for a pillow and use the waters of a stream to rinse one's mouth.

石に漱(_くちすす)ぎ, 流れに枕す “rinse one's mouth out with a stone and use water for a pillow”; (turn common sense on its head in order to) make unacceptable excuses for an error one made.

石に布団は着せられず “You can't put a blanket on a stone.” | It's too late to be kind to your parents after they are dead.

石もて追わるるごとし like being stoned [hounded] out of town.

●彼は石もて追わるるごとくその職を辞した. He was hounded out of his job. | He was forced to resign. | It was as if they had stoned him out of his job.

II

こく【石】

〔容積の単位〕 a koku. <▲> 米穀類は 180.39 リットル, 木材は 0.278 立方メートル.

●米 10石 10 koku of rice.

●(大名が)5 万石を領する hold a fief of [yielding] 50,000 koku (of rice).

III

-せき【-石】

1 〔時計の〕

●21石の時計 a 21-jewel watch.

2 〔ラジオの〕

●8石 2 バンドラジオ an 8-transistor 2-band radio [set].